Drier system for clay products.



I. M. JUSTICE. DRIER SYSTEM FOR CLAY PRODUCTS.

APPLIUATI JN FILED UT. 5 109]. 921,255. Patented May 11, 190.)

L M. JUSTICE. 1mm SYST FUR CLAY E-RGDUOTS.

EPTEV L R lU FILE]! OUT. 5, N08. 921 255 L Patented May 11,1909. 5 fiflEBTS SHEET 2.

nventor JUSTICE.

DRIER SYST EM FOE CLAY PRODUCTS.

APPLIOATION nun 0015,1908.

Patented May 11, 1909.

5 BHEETB-SHBET 3.

1. M. JUSTICE. DRIER SYSTEM FOR CLAY PHQUUGTS.

nmmmmn FILED 0015.1908.

921 ,255. Patented May 11. 1909.

5 SHEETS-SIUJHT L I. M. JUSTICE.

BRIEF sYsTLM F02 GLAY PRODUCTS.

" Patented May 11, 1909.

APPLIGATIOE PI 5 SHEETS-SHEET 5 nuanioz m mu W INPQR v W in m e a a Q mv A n w 4 m F M 4, HW'

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE, OF DAYTON, OHIO, ASSIGNOR '[0 THE (3. W. RAYMOND (30., 0F DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPOIKATIUK OF OHIO.

DRIER SYSTEM FOR CLAY PRODUCTS.

To all whom it may concern.

. Be it known that .l', lirnAMAn M. JUSTICE, citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of .\lontgomcry and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drier Systems for Clay Products; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap ertains to make and use the same, reference eing had to the accompanyinig drawings, and to the letters and figures 0 reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to various improvements in driers or drier systems, which are used for drying clay roducts, such as various kinds of brick, ti e, fire-proofing, etc,

The object of the invent1on in a general sense is to provide in a drier a large cubic area for the-circulation of air which is heated by radiated heat, with the result that a larger amount of cla products is dried by the consumption 0 a substantially less amount of fuel than heretofore. The essential features of the drier system D F are the independent flue connections with the furnaces at the discharge end of the drier D, and extendi from the furnaces the entire length of the drier to the receiving end where the fines connect with one main cross flue which leads to the stack. The admission of the entire volume of air immediately back of the furnaces from which oint it fills the entire tunnel and moves bac ward in an upward direction into the stack, thus thoroughly cxpells all moisture from the drying tunnel. The heat-radiating lines are entirely free from the surrounding walls of the tunnel, and these flues may be either brick, in which case three sides are provided in each flue for radiating the heat to the drying tunnel above, or the flue may be constructed of metallic tubing, in which case the entire circumference of the line gives off heat. The air used for drying or carrying oil the moisture or water from the bricks or clay products, is admitted through ducts arranged immediately around the furnace. There is one duct on each sidebf each ash pit, one duct on each side of each furnace, and one duct immediately above each furnace. These ducts connect with the tunnels of the drier immediately at the rear of the furnace, at which point all the air used for drying is admitted Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 5, 1908.

Patented May 11, 1909.

Serial No. 456,215.

to the tunnels and flows in full volume from that point to the discharge of the tunnels into the vapor stack. The cubic space below the tunnels and trackage system is three feet in depth, and in this snacc the radiating fines are placed as hereinafter more particularly described. Each track 1s placed 1n a sin le tunnel which communicates with the stac for carrying oil the moisture, and. each tunnel is operatedindependently of any? other tunnel.

Preceding a more detailed description of the invention reference is made to the accompanying drawings, of which Flgure 1, is a horizontalelevation through one of the tunnels and radiating space below; parts of the drier are broken away to facilitate the illustration. This illustration shows what may be termed a direct furnace metallic radiated heat drier, in that it employs metallic tubes for radiating the heat below the tunnels or trackage system. Fi is an elevation of the char mg end of t e drier, a portion of which is s own'in sectio on the ine a a of Fig. 1. Fig.3, is an elev tion of the discharging end of the drier a portion of which is in section. on the line 5 b of Fi 1. Fig. 4, is a cross section through one o the tunnels and radiatin tube thercbelow, the section being on the line 0 c of Fi 1. Fig. 5 is a cross section s'howin the radiating flues consisting of bricks whic are entircl independent of the tunnel construction an which present three heat-radiating sides. Fig. 5*,

1s a longitudinal vertical sectional elevation through one of the tunnels and radiating lines as shown in Fig. 5. Fig. 6, is ahorizontal sectional elevation through one ofthe tunnels and the lower radiating space. This view is similar to Fig. 1, but it shows the drier equiipcd for the use of waste heat. The drier tlius shown may be termed a wasteradiated heat drier. Fig. 7, is an elevation of the drier showing the charging end thereof, and part being in section on the line e e of Fig. 6. Fig. 8, is a horizontal longitudinal section of a portion of the drier showing one of the tunnels and trackage system and one of the heat-radiatin tunnels. This section is on the line d cl of ig. 2, and shows as before stated, a tunnel and track compartment, and a flue compartment. Fig. 9 is a sectional elevation taken vertically of the drier showi means for using either the direct furnace wet or waste heat.

In a detail description of the invention, similar reference cl'iaracters indieate eorre spending f1perts.

I will rst descril'le my improycnients in connection with the employment of direct heat radiation, or the radiation of heat taken directly from the furnace as distinct from that due to the use of waste heat or the prod nets of combustion.

Looking at Fig. l, 1 designates a drying tunnel; there are a number of these tunnels which are non-conununicating and arranged side by side and parallel with each other, and each tunnel has its own trackege system which will hereinafter be more fully described in connection with the construction of the drier. The tracks of these tunnels enable the cars containing the green cla products of manufactureto be moved into t 1e tunnels. The left hand end of the structure as shown in Fi 1, is the end in which the cars are intro uced to the tunnel. The right hand end is that end at which the cars are removed after the bricks or products are dried. 2 designates a furnace. There is a furnace directly under each tunnel at the discharge end of the drier, and the heat generated therein asses through an individual brick flue 3. Zach of the brick lines 3 communicates with at metallic line in the form of sections of pipe which have suitable connection with each other and with the brick ilue. 2% leading from the fur-mice. dim-metallic ilues 4 rest upon a. suitable number of brick pillars 5 and connect at the receiving end of thei drier with a brick ilue 6. These heat-radiatin flues so consisting of brick end metallic tu ing, are arranged in each. of the due tunnels' 7 which lie iinu'iedistcly below the dew ing tunnel 1. The object of arranging the brick radiating line 6 et the entrance end of the drier, is to provide for the radiation of heat of a. somewhat less temperature than that radiated from the metallic flues, it being desirable to subject the green )roducts to a less degree of heat immediately upon their entrance to the drier. The entire surfaces of the metallic radiators 4 ive out heat below the drying tunnels I, and the air which is introduced to the flue tunnel 7 is quick 1y heated to a. degree uhich affords a. large per centage of heat radiation as compared with the driers eonnuunh; in use, in which there is only one side or a top of the limit-radiating flue exposed for hunting the air. l

The cubic spore below the truekugc, into i which the air is introduced to the fines, is en 1 important fieeture of my )rescnt improve- 1 ment, as thereby a lerge vof is constantly subjected to the clay products within the tunnels above. The air for thus drying or carrying off the moisture from the green clay products, is admitted through a series of ducts 8 on each side of the ash pit {ringer opening or on .let to carry off and fire box of the furnace, as well as above,

iiue tunnels are shown,

ume of heated air see Figs. 1 and 3. The air thus admitted iiows through the tunnel or tunnels containing the bricks or green clay products and is subjected to the heat radiated from the fines us before stated, with the result that the clay products are dried within a comparatively short time.

It will be seen that the heat,

whether it be direct furnace heat or waste heat is prevented from coming in contact with the clay )roducts, but instead of being admitted to t e dr ing tunnels, it is passe into the redictingfues. The arrows in Fig. 1, indicate the direction of the passage of the hot air through the drying tunnels 1 and the gases or products of combustion through the beet-radiating flues 3 7 end 6.

Referring to Fi 2, the heat-radiating flues connnunicete at t e end of the drier in which the bricks are taken in, with a common cross flue 9 which discharges into the stack 10, while the drying tunnel or tunnels l communicate with the stack 10, both the cross tunncl 9 for the radiating flues, and the drying tunnels 1 discharge through the stack 10 as indicated by the several arrows extending throu h the passages. Fi 2, as before starter ,;indicates the end of t e drier at which the green clay products are introduced, and this end of the drier is also the end at which the tunnels us well as the radiating fines discharge to the stack 10. The brick tunnels 1 at this end of the drier. are closed b vd "iors 11 during the operation of subjecting the bricks or clay products to the heated air. Fig. 3, as stated, is the end of the drier at which the dried bricks or clay products are discharged from the drier; this end is also the tiring end of the drier.

in Fig. i, at our 32 is shown in one of the drying tunnels inmwdiutely above one of the metallic i'ieumudiuting lines t. This car. contains the clay products to be dried within the tunnel from the heat rndinted from the lines.

Referring to Figs. 5 and :3, substantially the some arrangement of drying tunnels and i with the exception (hut in said figures the heat-rinlinting ilues 13 consist of brick alone instead of metallic tube radiators. The brick tines 13 as is shown in Fig. 5, present three surfaces for the radian tion of heat below the drying tunnels l. \"Vhether the metallic menus are employed for rudinting the heat or the brick Hues ule employed for radiating the heart for the dry" ing tunnels, n. hirge cubic spmne'below the truckege for heating the nir is obtained, and in either event the hot gases or products of combustion are prevented from coming in contact with the clay products. We have seen that provision is inade where the drying tunnels and the heat-redieting fines connect with the vapor stack, thus providing far t 0 pro nets of combust'u from the radiating ill) 14 an ..'The pro radiating tubes, and the air posses drying'tunnels 1 inthis form oi construction, su

fines as well as the moisture fromthe clay nets of combustion is discharged directly into the heat-radiating flucs 4 or 13 from a cross flue 14. In this view,.thc l catqadiating flucs extend directly from the-cross flue 14 to the cross exit flue 9, said radiators be ing supported on a series of crossTdro'ns 15 or any suitable means for mpint-aining the radiating fines in re er positio'i. In the use of the drier either as a waste heat or direct host-radiation drier, it will be seen that the radiating flues extend the entire length of. the drier and connect at one and wit 1 a large brick flue through which the waste heat is forced by any suitable means, such for example. as a fan not shown. The object of this construction, is to make use of the .waste gases or 1products of combustion from burning or coo mg kilns, and permitted to pass through the dr er without any of the Eases comin' in contact with'the clay ware to e dried. resh air for drying purposes is 3 used, which is hcated by the waste heat radi- 'ated from the metallic tubes.

Fig. 6, indicates the passage of the fresh air through a flue 16 immediately above the flue separated therefrom by an upfper wall.

nets of combustion pass rom-the from. the

stantially in the manner that said elements pass from the radiating flues and the drying tunnels in the form of drier shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The arrows in Fig. 7 indicate such assages.

In ,1g. 9, I show a construction of the. drier which is adapted for the use of direct ,fired heat radiation or waste heat radiation. :The use of the metallic tube radiators 4 comv 'bined with brick radiators 6 at the intake [end of the drier and the brick flues 3 at the furnaces d of the drier, is substantially the same e radiating flues shown in Fig. 1. But in Flg'. 9, the furnace 21s shown for the eneration of direct heat. to the radiating ues, and also the large brick flue 14 is shown for the waste heat. Either .the furnace 2 may be employed in this setting or arrangement of the drier, or the waste heat flue 14 ma beused alternately. Communicating wit 1 each of the brick-radiating flues 3, is an up flue 17 which communicates with the large brick-flue 14 which receives the waste gases or products ofcombustion from the burning or cooling kilns as before stated. \Vhe'nlt is not desired to utilize the waste ascs or heat in this combination drier, the .nrge brick flue 14 may be walled up, or while the waste products of combustion are bein utilized, the furnace 2 of course is not crnp oyed.

, position.

The arrow in In Fig. 8,'one oi the drying tunnels 1 is shown with its tracks 9 system therein which will now be descri ed. The trackage system is a part of the drier construction, and consists of heavy T rails 18 which are used for ties; these T rails are in solid lengths equal to the width of the drier. lhe track rails 19 are placed on top of the tie rails and at each crossing the are rigidly held together by-any suitab e means. Where the tie rails pass through the walls which form the tunnels, the openings are filled with a mixture f sand and cement which firmly ties the tie rails into all the walls, thus forming a sohd net work of trackage, all of which is irlnly tied to the masonry and is prevented from at any time getting out of a true level The advantage of this construction, is that a possibility of unevenness occurring in the tracks is effectually obviated. After the tracks are laid according to the plan of construction, they remain firm and rigid in their original positions.-

Throughout the construction and arrangement of my improvements as thus described, the essential features have been madeapparent and briefly ma be stated to comprise a construction w ercin there are proyided a series of inde ndent flues connectmg with the source 0 heat at one end and with a common cross tunnel at the other end, the flues being wholly independent of any connection wit the tunnel walls so that the radiation obtained from the flues has its efl'ect upon a large surrounding area of s ace into which the an is introduced back 0 the furnace; in other words, means for obtaining a large radiation and circulation of heated air; means for utilizin the waste heat taken from a burning or coo 'ng kiln. Heretofore, such waste heat has been utilized b permitting it to enter the drying tunne s, but

this has been iniurious to the clay products owing to the su furous gasesi1 which, if perbetween the drying tunnels and the flue tunnels, a heat-radiating flueju each of the flue tunnels, said heat-radiating flues being entirely separated from the flue tunnels in which they are located, so that suitable helliing space is provided in the flue tunnels'foi: each of the heat-radiating fiues, means at one end of the tunnels for generating heat for the heat-radiating flues, means fo' admitting air to said flue tn. ucls at th restgenerating end, a cross tunnel lit the other end of said tunnels into which the heat radiating fines discharge, and I), stuck afford ing an outlet for said cross tunnel, and for the drying tunnels, the during tunnels d.is-- charging into said stack above the cross} tunnel, substantially as specified. 1 2. In a drier, a series of non-omnniunionti ing drying tunnels, a corresponding series of non-eonnnunieating flue tunnels below said drying tunnels, a system oi' traekage be tween said upper and lower tunnels, means i for generating heat at one end of said tunnels means for admitting air to said tunnels f i at the end at which the heat is generated a cross tunnel communicating with the series of fine tunnels at the other end thereof, a

stack into which said cross tunnel disoherges, and into whi h the drying tunnels discharge, a combination mvteilio and hriek radiating flue in earxh of said hie tunlmls, mu]. disconnected therefrom, said radiating fines having brick portions thereof at each end and which pmtions communicate rvspee Lively, with the hmit rmiinting means at one end and the cross tunnel at the other end, substantially 2 e: specified.

In testiinon whereof l itiiiX my signature, in presence of two witnesses.

I ITHAMAR M. JUSTICE. Witnesses:

(R M. TimonALn, Mar'rnnw SIEBLER, 

